Paper
Paper Making
History of Paper Making
History:
Historical Production
Production
Archeological Find
Finds:
Historical Material
Material:
References in Literature
(1364) Doc.Coldingham in Sur.Soc.12p.xliv : In percameno, et in j quaterno de paper.
(c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.445 : Pride of the table appeereth..in..bake metes and dissh-metes..peynted and castelled with papir.
(a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.198 : This ladi..preyde him that he wolde..noght wryte, Bot come himself..That he non other paper waste.
(a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.30 : Take flour..and make þerof past with water, and make þerof thynne foyles as paper with a roller.
a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)305/5 : Whanne he [a leech] is ful & þou wolt do him awei, blowe vpon þe place..askis maad of paper [L papyro].
c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1408 : Servyse bygynnes..Burnes berande þe bredes upon brode skeles..Lyfte logges þerover..Pared out of paper.
c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)802 : So mony pynakle payntet watz poudred ay-quere..Þat pared out of papure purely hit semed.
(1417) J.Dernell in Nrf.Archaeol.15126 : Item, Clerk, j d. Item, in pauper, ob.
(1423-4) Doc.Brewer in Bk.Lond.E.178/1187 : For..Ynk and Paper and Perchemyn.
a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)6584 : Sek the book of seynt Austyn, Be it in papir or perchemyn.
?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)157/27 : He maketh no money but of lether emprinted or of papyre.
?a1425 *MS Htrn.95 (Htrn 95)88b/a : Þes ben medycynes þat wiþholden & constreine blode..paper brent & rosine.
(1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)382 : Paper: Papirus.
(1446) Will York in Sur.Soc.45102 : iij quayer paper.
(1448) Shillingford55 : The articulis were delyvered us..full sympelly yn paper, and afterwarde..yn parchement.
a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)492 : Penne and papere may not me suffice Him to describe.
c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)182 : When þou hast medled al þy poudre, þen forme þer of þy magdaleones in newe wyt leþer or in good pauper.
c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)600/26 : Papirum: Papyre.
(c1460) Paston2.201 : Þis [chronicle] drow more þan xxti whaʒerys off paper.
(1463) Will Bury in Camd.4934 : There is a tester..with an ymage of oure lady in gold papyr.
(1463) Will Bury in Camd.4935 : Myn book of ynglych and latyn..wretyn in papir and closed with parchemyn.
(1469) Paston2.392 : I did write to quairs of papir of witnessis, euery quaire conteynyng xiiij leves.
(a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1231/1 : I pray you that I may have paupir, penne, and inke, that I may wryte unto sir Launcelot a letter.
a1475 Bk.Quint.(Sln 73)4/31 : Þe hoole of þe vessel..was selid with þe seel..maad of..flour, and of white of eyren, and of moist papere.
c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)63b/b : Loke þat þer be bitwene þe two sticchis þe space of a quarter of an ynche, & þanne putte a litil scrowe of paper bitwene þe fleisch & þe þred.
c1475 Mankind (Folg V.a.354)315 : Her wyll I sytt and tytyll in þis papyr The incomparable astat of my promycyon; Worschypfull souerence, I haue wretyn here The gloryuse remembrance of my nobyll condycyon.
?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)92a : Papir: paparium, papirus.
a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)682/25 : Papirus: paupere.
c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1198 : Upon a thikke palfrey, paper-whit..Sit Dido.
(1446) Will York in Sur.Soc.45102 : De j reme white pauper, spendable, xij d..De j reme spendable pauper, blak, viij d.
1466 Challenge Warw.in PMLA 22 (Lnsd 285)602 : My lorde sent the twoo Sheldis..of lethir nat als thyk as the thyknes of vi papir leves.
(1467-8) Stonor1.100 : The Shireff shewyd ij comyssions of this graunt..conteynyng ij papyr leves.
(a1475) Recipe Painting(2) in Archaeol.J.1 (Sln 73)154 : Gedre it out of the pot with a spone, and sprede it abrod on papere leves.
c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)207/26 : Þou muste kunne remembre þee vpon hem..wiþoute eny biholding vpon a book..ellis wiþ a biholding vpon a schort pointing of hem in a papir leef.
c1475 *MS Sln 4 [OD col.] (Sln 4)81 : Take spendabyll pauper and clene flesshe of þe hyppys of a catt.
a1475 *Sidrak & B.(Lnsd 793)9160 : Were a þowsand soules here Ligginge on a leef of paupere, Heuyer were þe pauper noght.
(1322) Will de Bohun in Archaeol.J.2349 : Estre ceo furent trovez en un cofre de la Chapele..ij Messals..j manuel, j epistolarie..j paper.
(1389) Lond.Gild Ret.in Bk.Lond.E.(PRO C 47/var.)47/82 : Þo þat comen here after to þe bretherhede..shal swer on þe papir to-fore þe wardeins þerof for to kepe wel & trewely all þe pointz of þis papir.
(c1390) Chaucer CT.Co.(Manly-Rickert)A.4404 : His maister hym bithoghte, Vpon a day whan he his paper soghte, Of a prouerbe.
c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)14.38 : The marchante mote nede be lette..For þe parcels of hus paper [vr. paupere] and oþer pryuey dettes Wol lette hym.
(1418) Grocer Lond.in Bk.Lond.E.196/38 : To hem deliuered..all the monye, all the auoyre, and the paper, and all that langith to the fornseyd Fraternite.
(c1434) Drury Wks.(CmbAdd 2830)83/55 : I haue a lytle paper [L chartam] in my book.
(1439) LRed Bk.Bristol2.152 : The seide yowre besechers hath diuerses ordinaunces graunted vnto ham..which ordinaunces beth enrolled in the rede pauper of yeldhalle.
(c1450) Gild Bk.Aldersgate (Add 37664)71 : The maystres..schalle presente..the names of the bretheren..that comen newe in to the forsayde ffraternyte..and than entre her names in the papyre.
?c1450 Brut-1447 (Trin-C O.9.1)484/9 : Þe Iustices gafe hir dome, þat she shuld stand..with a paupire about hir hede, of hir proude and lewed langage þat she had spoke..to þe Kyng.
(1463) RParl.5.499a : They delyver this paper oonly as a remembraunce for their ententes.
(a1467) Proc.Chanc.in Cal.PCEliz.1.p.lxxix : The abbot decreyed hym..to be arrayed with papyrez peynted with signez of untrowth, sedycyon, and dowblenesse.
c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.56 : Al be like in clothyng..And few pens in her purs..This maketh them to..blot the paupers [vr. marchauntis bokes] of London in euery leif.
a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)143/10 : Remembyr the of the dedis..of thyne auncestres and to haue a papyr of al har actes.
a1500 Chartier Treat.Hope (Rwl A.338)30/19 : Seeke wele in thi feble papir and examyn the compte of their offices where the diffaulte is.
a1500 Partenay (Trin-C R.3.17)4735 : Full merily demene you..For of his paupires strike oute plain be ye.
Sources:
Video:
Traditional Paper Making Process
Papermaking at Hayle Mill, England 1976
Articles:
Books:
Colour Library Books. Traditional British Crafts. Pepared by Marshall Cavendish Books, Ltd. 1989 edition, pages 224-227.
Dawson, Sophie. The Art and Craft of Paper-Making: Step-by-step instructions for creating distinctive handmade paper. Quarto PUblishing, London, 1992.
Geraint Jenkins, J. Traditional Country Craftsmen, page 11 (references the need for paper-mills to be placed in areas with plentiful water)
Heller, Jules. Paper-Making: How to Make Handmade Paper for Printmaking, Drawing, Painting, Relief and Cast Forms, Book Arts, and Mixed Media. Watson-Guptill Publications, 1978.
Herring, Richard. Paper & Paper Making, Ancient and Modern. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green. London, 1855.
Hunter, Dard. Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. Dover Publications, New York.
Munsell, Joel. A Chronology of Paper and Paper-Making. Trubner & Co, London, 1857.
Reimer, Mary and Heidi Reimer. The Encyclopedia of Papermaking & Bookbinding: The Definitive Guide to Making, Embellishing, and Repairing Paper, Books, and Scrapbooks. Running Press, 2002.